John Mayer | 3 x 5

“‘3×5’ is a song that I finished right around the time that Room For Squares (2001) was being recorded, and even though it was 99% done, that 1% was figuring out the right way to play it,” (JohnMayer.info). “It’s just about not always trying to synthesize memories from a trip … Sometimes trips are better than money. Nobody else would have gotten the same kick or the same thrill that you did, but it’s the confidence that you have seen some beautiful stuff. I think for me, I’ve always tried to be the historian, but the problem in trying to be your own future historian is that you miss what is going on.

‘3×5′ is a better song than my ability to write a song. And when that happens, they’re just presents from somewhere. And you just respect them as best you can, and make sure you don’t ever stand on stage and sing it with any less passion than you really, really can. Cause they could have been anyone’s songs and you happened to find ’em.'”

Built in C minor overall, the chorus (first heard from 1:54 – 2:32) flips over into the relative Eb major. The chorus lyric you should have seen that sunrise / with your own eyes … is fittingly less crowded than the rest of the tune.

Pablo Cruise | Love Will Find a Way

“Pablo Cruise achieved some measure of success during the latter part of the ’70s with their mellow, easygoing California pop,” (Qobuz). “The band was formed in 1973 by former members of Stoneground and It’s a Beautiful Day: guitarist Dave Jenkins, keyboardist Cory Lerios, bassist Bud Cockrell, and drummer Steve Price. The group was praised for its compositional and instrumental skill on the albums Pablo Cruise and Lifeline, and was rewarded with the Top Ten hit “Whatcha Gonna Do?” in 1977 from A Place in the Sun.

… Worlds Away (1978) went platinum … and produced three hit singles, including the Top Ten “Love Will Find a Way.” By the time the ’80s rolled around, the new wave movement was in full swing on the pop charts, and the group fell out of favor with the record-buying public. Several Pablo Cruise songs were used as soundtrack material for sports programs on ABC, CBS, and NBC; the band’s work also appeared in the films Free Ride, An Unmarried Woman, and Dreamer.“

After a start in G mixolydian, the tune shifts to the closely related key of D major for its chorus (0:47 – 1:06) before returning to the original key. It’s mixolydian with a vengeance, too: the highest, most prominent note of each of the verses’ melodic phrases emphasizes the flatted 7th degree of the scale pretty hard! The pattern continues from there, with the exception of an early bridge (1:56 – 2:15), which leads into an instrumental verse with short hops across a few new key areas.

Naragonia | Gozar

“Naragonia, after 21 years of touring Europe, has become an established name within the European folk scene,” (artist website). “Since their inception in 2003, Toon and Pascale have released 10 warmly received albums and contributed to countless other recordings and projects. Throughout this period, they have continuously sought to develop a unique sound and interplay. With their music, Pascale and Toon have inspired numerous musicians and groups. Many of Naragonia’s tunes have since become standards within the folk world.

Over the years, they have collaborated with many remarkable musicians and productions … They have also performed live multiple times for Belgian radio. However, Naragonia remains humbly committed to the simple pursuit of beauty … In 2024, they won the award for “Best Live Band” at the Flanders Folk Awards.”

Beginning in D minor, “Gozar” shifts to A major at 1:12, then back to the original key at 1:33. The key continues to alternate from there. But perhaps just as prominent is the wide variety of grooves we hear, from a quiet near-drone to a sprightly, syncopated bounce. The track leaves the listener questioning whether the term gozar, in this case, refers to the Spanish verb to enjoy?

Guster | Barrel Of a Gun

“Guster are an inspiring band,” (Boston Herald). “They started as wet-behind-the-ears teenagers at Tufts University playing campus parties and busking in Harvard Square and have grown … into massively successful and influential performing and recording artists through talent, technological insight, and sheer hard work: gigging constantly, maintaining a direct relationship with their listeners that was nearly unheard of in the early internet days of the mid 90s, and writing, rewriting, recording, and re-recording their songs until they were hits.

In doing so they’ve become elder statesmen, able to use their influence to effect positive change in the music business through their green touring initiative Reverb and given early career breaks to superstar artists such as Maroon 5, John Mayer, and fun … the acoustic guitar and hand drum sound Guster stumbled upon out of necessity stood out as extremely fresh when heard alongside the distorted guitar rock that still dominated the pre-boyband airwaves in the mid to late ’90s … Eventually their self-generated following grew so large that the industry had to take notice. A Geffen Records A&R scout told me of finally breaking down and seeing them in 1997, ‘ … they are doing such numbers I had to go check them out. It blew my mind. Everyone in the place was singing every lyric.’

‘Barrel of a Gun’ … (its) originality is obvious: the key changes, the voices, the arrangement. It rocks, but listen close to the texture of the rhythms: tuned ricochets, typewriters in tempo, and a thump that that is familiar as a rock but isn’t … It had what a record needed to become a hit. Familiarity, ingenuity and unique musicality.”

Starting with an intro and verse in Bb minor, “Barrel of a Gun” (1999) makes an early scene change, via the combination of a suspended groove and a suspended chord, to a chorus in the relative Db major (0:37). At 1:03, the entire pattern repeats, although this time with just a little more instrumental runway before the next verse starts. 2:11 brings a relatively soft-spoken bridge in Bb mixolydian which delivers us back to another chorus at 2:37. The tune wraps up just past the 3:00 mark with an unresolved IV chord — although by then we’ve heard so many different stick-less percussion patterns and shifting textures that the runtime seems longer.

Restless Heart | I’ll Still Be Loving You

“‘I’ll Still Be Loving You’ is “a gentle classic country ballad that transcends genre,” (Wide Open Country). “The public thought so, too — not only did the song go to No. 1 on the Hot Country Songs chart, but it also was a top 40 single on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Larry Stewart, John Dittrich, Paul Gregg, Dave Innis, and Greg Jennings (Restless Heart) ended up with one of the greatest hits of their careers.

‘I’ll Still Be Loving You’ was released in January 1987 as the second single from the Wheels … It went to No. 1 on Hot Country Songs for one week and spent 25 weeks on the chart … The single crossed over to the Adult Contemporary chart and won the band recognition on the pop charts. It would be the only country song to have crossed over to the Billboard Hot 100 for five years running until Billy Ray Cyrus’ ‘Achy Breaky Heart’ rolled around in 1989.”

Starting in Ab major, the tune shifts up to Bb major for the chorus at 0:48, where the band’s trademark vocal blend truly blooms. The second verse returns to Ab major with the same upward shift for the second chorus. An instrumental verse, climbing all the way to F major and featuring acoustic guitar, hits at 2:34. Another chorus, returning back to Bb major, is the focus at 2:59, gradually fading into an outro. Lest we think these guys were in any way studio creations, check out the second video of a very intimate, very recent acoustic performance of the tune — including a minor instrumental harmonic disagreement at 2:34!

Johannes Brahms | Piano Concerto #1 in D Minor, Op. 15 (III: Rondo: Allegro non troppo)

“No fan of the Romantic ‘showpiece’ concerto with a soloist doing star turns in front of a back-up orchestra, Brahms produced what Ludwig Finscher called a ‘symphonic concerto’ with the orchestra an equal partner,” (Mercury Orchestra). “He wrote the concerto (1859) for himself; if the piano part is difficult and showy, it is because it demands the physical dexterity and strength that he possessed. The work is in three movements and uses a ‘classical’ orchestra with four prominent French horns—an instrument that would be a Brahms trademark in years to come.”

In the concerto’s third movement, Rondo: Allegro non troppo, “Brahms changes the mood entirely with a vigorous finale modeled on the rondo finale of Beethoven’s Piano Concerto No. 3, a work he knew well. The form is ABACABA, with A upbeat and heavily bubbling, B a flowing variant of A, and C a short forceful section turned loose by the horns. The last A section is thickly developed, complex, and includes a fugue in the strings … the two cadenzas have structural functions, the first leading to a key change, the second to a triumphant coda that includes some thrilling chord changes.”

The movement begins solidly in D minor, but by its end has shifted into its cadenza in D major via a meandering path. By the 10:30 mark, the orchestra gradually tapers to nothing as the piano is featured, only to dramatically re-appear for the very ending of the movement.

Counting Crows | Butterfly in Reverse

Counting Crows’ “excellent debut album August and Everything After, and its two studio follow-ups, earned the band a huge following across the globe,” (Drowned in Sound). “Bolstered by their energetic, uptempo live shows. While the previous effort This Desert Life was rendered patchy by an untamed, widening musical palette, Hard Candy (2002) is focused experimentation, full of catchy hooks and a complete right angle to their previous Americana-tinged efforts, despite taking in all sorts of influences. And I’m sure we can thank producer Steve Lillywhite (U2, The La’s, the Crows’ favorites The Psychedelic Furs, etc.) for that.

Ryan Adams repays Adam’s guest spot on the Gold album with co-writing and backing vocals on ‘Butterfly In Reverse’. In parts it gets a bit Bacharach but the quaint, lilting chorus makes up for that. (The album is) varied and consistent, taking in everything from New Wave to twangy rock via all your dad’s old Small Faces LPs, and is quite easily their most approachable, solid album yet.”

Built in G major overall, “Butterfly in Reverse” is indeed Bachrachian in spots (never a bad thing!). Its relaxed psychedelic waltz seems like it might have been composed on a merry-go-round pipe organ. 0:28 sounds like a key change is in progress, but it’s a transient fake-out. From 1:19 to 1:44, the tune’s dizzy midsection takes us on a sampler tour of several keys. From 1:44 on, we’ve touched back down in G major, right down to the surprise unresolved ending on the dominant chord.

The Stylers | Pushing Up Daisies

Before it hit on its trademark R&B sound, the legendary Motown label apparently did some wandering (or was it reckless driving?) in the wilderness.

” … a finger-wagging sermon against dangerous driving, delivered by a dead narrator following a fatal car accident, complete with another knuckle-bitingly terrible spoken-word bit,” (Motown Junkies) ” … it’s inescapable that (“Pushing Up Daisies”) is destined to be a piece of short-lived novelty nonsense and not a useful parable about the importance of road safety, never mind a half-decent pop song … Manifestly silly despite the macabre subject matter, this is still very much below Motown Quality Control’s usual threshold; it’s a mystery how it managed to find its way into actual record shops. The Stylers weren’t invited back for a follow-up; this was their one and only Motown release.”

“Pushing Up Daisies” (1963) shifts up a half-step at 0:38 and 1:30 — that much is clear. But why does this video feature a 45 of Martha + the Vandellas’ “Heat Wave”?

The Foreign Exchange | Right After Midnight

“The Foreign Exchange — the vocalist/producer brainchild of Phonte (Coleman) and Nicolay (Matthijs Rook) — has always moved somewhat outside of its time.

Amid the radio eminence of early 2000s hip-hop, it was an online chat room where the North Carolina emcee and the Netherlands-based producer first linked on the then-budding hiphop superfan site Okayplayer,” (Super Empty). “Their transatlantic file sharing led to a cheekily named 2004 LP, Connected, before the two ever even met on the same continent — one of the first albums to be co-created remotely over the Internet.”

Released on the duo’s 2013 album Love in Flying Colors, “Right After Midnight” begins in Db mixolydian. At 0:58, the pre-chorus hits, alternating lines in Bb major and Bb minor. The chorus enters at 1:17 with a return to the original key; the pattern continues from there. Phonte alternates rapping with singing on many of the group’s tracks, but this track is 100% driven by melody, with a prominent support role by vocalist Sy Smith.

Earth, Wind + Fire | Got to Get You Into My Life

“‘Got to Get You Into My Life,’ from 1978’s soundtrack to Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, (is) a stroke of genius; the horns are over the top, and the Fire slick up the original, playing it at a faster tempo and in general kicking the ass of the original,” (The Vinyl District). “Phillip Bailey (falsetto) and Maurice White (tenor) swap vocals, White plays the kalimba (or African thumb piano), and the guitarist wails, and what you’ve got is one perky slice of eminently likable funk, lightweight division.”

“The Los Angeles-based funk band were enjoying a run of hits when impresario Robert Stigwood invited them to appear in a movie based around Beatles songs (Sgt Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band),” (Financial Times). Their leader, Maurice White, smelled a turkey but, having sifted through The Beatles’ catalogue, thought ‘Got to Get You Into My Life’ had crossover potential. He signed EW&F up, recorded the song in an afternoon and insisted it be released prior to the film (in 1978).

It was a wise move, as the film and its double LP soundtrack tanked to such an extent that it hampered the careers of its stars (Peter Frampton, the Bee Gees) while EW&F scored a huge US hit — their version, with its bright horns, disco shimmy and loose, funky ebullience, remains a club classic today. In White’s autobiography he says word reached him that McCartney considers EW&F’s version his favorite ever Beatles cover.”

The track features a (relatively!) soft-spoken intro in G minor featuring a complex hook (first stated at the very top of the track and returning throughout). The tune gets started in earnest at 1:02 with a shift to a verse in G major and a jump into a different groove. There’s a return to minor at 2:14, then a return of that hook, followed by a visit back to major for an instrumental verse featuring a short guitar solo at 2:45. At 3:13, we return back to minor for the balance of the tune.