Category: Elise

The Four Freshmen | Shangrila

The Four Freshmen, formed in 1948, released “Shangrila” in 1962. Known as a vocal band because all of the group’s members self-accompanied the quartet’s vocals with their own instrumental playing, the Freshmen featured jazz-infused open harmonies. According to his biographer, a young Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys found the 1950s output of the Freshmen to be an inspiration: “It brings a feeling of love inside me…that feeling of harmony.” The modulation is at 1:39.

Lady Gaga | Perfect Illusion

“Perfect Illusion,” a 2016 dance release by Lady Gaga, reached #15 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and #1 in France, Finland, and Greece. It also achieved a top 10 ranking in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Scotland, and Slovakia. The Verge​ likened the song to “Bad Romance” but with the “extra adrenaline shot of a big stadium rock song and some twinkly, vaguely creepy ’80s synthesizers.” The whole-step modulation is at 1:50.

Robert John | Sad Eyes

1979 saw the release of the soft rock tune “Sad Eyes,” written and performed by Robert John. It topped the US pop charts and went top 10 on the US Adult Contemporary, Australian pop, and Canadian pop charts. The track was one of only a handful of non-disco tunes to hit #1 on the pop charts that year as the disco mega-trend started to wind down.

Starting off gently in breakup anthem mode, the song jumps into overdrive as John revs up his striking falsetto at 3:32, preparing for a whole-step modulation at 3:36.

Hank Snow | I’ve Been Everywhere

“I’ve Been Everywhere” is a song which was originally made popular upon its initial Australian releases (with Aussie place names) in 1959 and 1962. In 1962, the song was also a #1 US country hit by Hank Snow — with multiple half-step modulations at 1:12, 1:37, and 2:03.

More recently, Johnny Cash had another country hit with the tune in 1996, with several TV ad placements; the video is posted second. However, Cash’s version has no modulations.

Jonathan Coulton | NDA

Weekend bonus: No pure modulations here, but plenty of fun shifting through key(s) of the moment. Software guy Jonathan Coulton became a full-time singer/songwriter in the mid-2000s, releasing several albums since. Recently, he was commissioned to write a series of Schoolhouse Rock!-style short songs for the TV series The Good Fight — detail-packed miniature musical explainers of legal and political terminology.

“NDA,” which describes the ins and outs of Non-Disclosure Agreements, features verses which are solidly in G Major. But the choruses (first at 0:10!) and bridge (0:27 – 0:41) cycle briefly through other keys.

Garbage | Cup of Coffee

In a catalog replete with minor key paeans to misery, Garbage’s “Cup of Coffee” (2001) might be Exhibit A.

The Guardian calls Garbage’s sound “mongrel pop…(a) smelting-pot studio project cooked up from industrial remix sensibilities.” The focus on production and varying textures is certainly in the forefront here. The repeating triple eighth-note pattern which starts the tune continues throughout the relative hush of the verses — forming an uneven ground in combination with the 4/4 meter. Vocalist Shirley Manson unflinchingly increases the volume, intensity, and narrative on the choruses.

Starting in F# minor, the tune modulates up a whole step at 2:52 — uncharacteristically, during one of the song’s lowest-energy sections. This reverent fan-made video is patched together from various clips, but certainly captures the mood.

Mitski | Nobody

Category-transcending artist Mitski spent her childhood living in Turkey, China, Malaysia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and many other countries due to her father’s US State Department job; the family eventually settled in New York City. The Japanese-born American singer/songwriter’s upcoming album 2019 album “Be the Cowboy” features the lead single “Nobody,” apparently reflecting on (lack of) love amongst the ruins.

The tune builds from more introspective verses into disco/funk-driven choruses. The vocal line ascends throughout two modulations at 2:20 and 2:37 before the tempo and energy deflate into the final bars.

Joni Mitchell | Car on a Hill

Today we mark the MotD debut of acclaimed songwriter/performer Joni Mitchell with her album Court and Spark (1974), which featured the classic tracks “Free Man in Paris,” “Help Me,” “Twisted,” and “Raised on Robbery.” It reached #1 in both the US and Mitchell’s native Canada and was awarded #111 on Rolling Stone magazine’s “500 Greatest Albums of All Time.” AllMusic reviewed the album as “…a remarkably deft fusion of folk, pop, and jazz …(it) moves away from confessional songwriting into evocative character studies.”

“Car on a Hill,” a non-single track, features an intro and verses only loosely centered around F# minor, but grounded with a straightforward rock groove. At 0:53, the groove drops out for an interlude featuring layers of wordless vocals cycling through layers of keys. At 1:32, we’re back on solid 4/4 ground with another F# minor verse; at 2:24, the groove falls away again, leaving a dizzy A minor outro droning and ringing as the song fades.