Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Fantasia in C Minor (K. 475)

A good example of a common-tone modulation is presented by Mozart’s Fantasia in C Minor, K. 475 (1785). A shift from B major to D major jumps out at 2:32 via a repeated F# in the melody as the accompaniment briefly pauses. French pianist Ismaël Margain, a graduate of Conservatoire Supérieur de Musique in Paris, is at the keyboard.

Charles Cornell | Imagine

As a response to the COVID-19 crisis, actress Gal Godot recently convened a group of celebrities to cover John Lennon’s “Imagine.” The vocals, while heartfelt, are a cappella and all over the place in terms of key. Multi-instrumentalist Charles Cornell has devised an accompaniment which knocks some of the harsh edges off of the, um, transitions.

Many thanks to MotD contributor Alex Mosher for this submission!

UPDATE: a few days later, the YouTuber Charles Cornell uploaded this update, explaining how he approached smoothing out the modulations:

My Favorite Things (from “The Sound of Music”)

“My Favorite Things” is from the beloved (and last) Rodgers & Hammerstein musical The Sound of Music, which premiered on Broadway in 1959. Starring Mary Martin, the musical theatre production was followed by the classic film adaptation in 1965, starring Julie Andrews. The song passes seamlessly between E minor, and the parallel and relative major, E and G respectively, throughout the song. I hope this classic tune brings a smile to your face, a warmth to your heart, and a reminder of your favorite things.

Warren Zevon | Accidentally Like a Martyr

From AllMusic’s review of Warren Zevon‘s tune “Accidentally Like a Martyr” comes this effusive praise for the often paradoxical singer-songwriter: “…a hard-bitten tough guy and writer of the noir wave classics ‘Werewolves of London’ and ‘Excitable Boy’ turned out to have a soft underbelly: ‘Accidentally Like a Martyr,’ taken from his 1978 breakthrough album, Excitable Boy, is a starkly realistic song about a screwed up love relationship…”

IMDB reports that Zevon, “the son of a gangster who was a Russian Jewish immigrant and a Mormon Midwestern mother of English descent,” had a difficult childhood and a false start in the music business as a folk/rock singer during the 1960s. IMDB continues: Zevon “establish(ed) himself as one of the most offbeat and intelligent singer-songwriters in the mid-1970s” before his death of lung cancer at the age of 56 in 2003.

Starting in F major, there are modulations to Ab major instrumental sections at 1:30 and 3:04; the latter has been used as bumper music between segments of NPR’s news programming for years. Both of the Ab sections have an off-kilter meter (alternating bars of 4/4 and 3/4) which only adds to the tune’s anthemic sound. Many thanks to veteran mod scout JB for this contribution!

Il Divo | All By Myself

Originally written, recorded, and released by Eric Carmen in 1975, “All By Myself” has been covered by many artists, perhaps most notably Céline Dion. The verse of the tune is based on the second movement of Sergi Rachmaninov‘s Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor. While Carmen’s original did not include a key change, most contemporary covers, including the 2007 version featured here by the pop male vocal group Il Divo, do (you can find it at 3:12.)

Yola | Faraway Look

Many thanks to Jonathan “JHarms” Harms for submitting this knockout tune!

UK-born singer/songwriter Yola (Yolanda Quartey) has performed as a backup vocalist with a wide range of artists, including Massive Attack, James Brown, and The Stax Band. AllMusic.com states that as she pursued session and touring work, Yola fronted the country/soul band Phantom Limb and “began crafting a set of deeply personal songs that pulled stylistically from Muscle Shoals-era country-soul, old-school R&B, countrypolitan, and classic singer/songwriter.”

The album Walk Through Fire (2019) and its single “Faraway Look” garnered three Grammy Award nominations: Best Americana Album, Best American Roots Song, and Best American Roots Performance.

Previewed briefly during the verse, the shift from the B major of the verse to the C# major of the chorus at 0:59 pales in comparison with the sheer power of the vocal and wall of sound production. At 1:27, the next verse reverts to B major. The composition style, reminiscent of Bacharach’s writing for Dusty Springfield, is belied only by the 21st-century audio production. According to Songfacts.com, Yola explains that the track “makes me think of a time in my life where I was encouraged to stay in my lane and be thankful for my lot…In a world that questions a woman’s every objection as well as every ambition, the faraway look is king.”

Kenny Rogers + Dolly Parton | Islands In the Stream

Kenny Rogers, a chart-topping country and pop artist over many decades, passed away yesterday at the age of 81. According to About.com: “Though he was most successful with country audiences, Rogers charted more than 120 hit singles across various music genres, topped the country and pop album charts for more than 200 individual weeks in the United States alone, and sold over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling musical artists of all time.”

Written by the Bee Gees, the 1983 hit was named after an Ernest Hemingway novel. The track was originally intended for release by R&B legend Marvin Gaye, which would have made for quite a different sound! The song went to #1 on Billboard Pop, Country, and Adult Contemporary charts.

Starting in C major, the tune features an early modulation to Ab major (1:24).

Melissa Manchester | You Should Hear How She Talks About You

According to Billboard, producer Arif Mardin described Melissa Manchester’s “You Should Hear How She Talks About You” (1981) as “a real departure, because it has a new wave dance quality and she had been known for her ballads.” A 1985 Albany Herald interview stated that the singer “had to be dragged kicking and screaming into [the] studio” to record the tune.

She needn’t have been concerned. Although she’s better remembered for the ballads “Don’t Cry Out Loud” and “Midnight Blue” now, YSHHSTAY became Manchester’s highest charting and most broadly appealing record, reaching #10 or higher on the Billboard Hot 100, Adult Contemporary, and Dance charts and winning a 1982 Grammy for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.

The tune starts in A minor, modulating to B major as the chorus begins at 0:44 and reverting to the original key at 1:15; the pattern continues from there.