neo-soul

D’Angelo | Another Life

“D’Angelo established himself as an unwitting founder and leading light of the late-’90s neo-soul movement, which aimed to bring the organic flavor of classic R&B back to the hip-hop age,” (Qobuz). “Modeling himself on the likes of Marvin Gaye, Curtis Mayfield, Sly Stone, and Prince, D’Angelo exhibited his inspirations not only with his vocal style — albeit with a stoned yet emotive twist all his own — but also wrote his own material, and frequently produced it, helping to revive the concept of the all-purpose R&B auteur. His first album, Brown Sugar (1995), gradually earned him an audience so devoted that the looser and rhythmically richer follow-up, Voodoo (2000), debuted at number one despite a gap of almost five years, and won that year’s Grammy for Best R&B Album. A wait of nearly three times that length preceded the release of the bristlier Black Messiah (2014), a Top Five hit that made D’Angelo a two-time Best R&B Album winner. The musician worked on material for a prospective fourth album before he died of pancreatic cancer (in October 2025).

Between proper LPs, D’Angelo took some time off and split acrimoniously with his management. Meanwhile, neo-soul, a marketing term coined by industry executive Kedar Massenburg, caught on as a legitimate subgenre with the success of like-minded artists such as Maxwell and Erykah Badu. D’Angelo surfaced on a handful of soundtracks, primarily via cover versions, contemporizing Eddie Kendricks’ ‘Girl You Need a Change of Mind’ (Get on the Bus), Prince’s ‘She’s Always in My Hair’ (Scream 2), Ohio Players’ ‘Heaven Must Be Like This’ (Down in the Delta), and Ashford & Simpson’s ‘Your Precious Love’ (a duet with Badu, for High School High) … He joined Lauryn Hill on ‘Nothing Even Matters,’ a cut off the Grammy-winning The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill” … and worked extensively with QuestLove, drummer from The Roots. “Raphael Saadiq stated in an interview roughly a year earlier that D’Angelo had been writing songs for the follow-up to Black Messiah.”

Starting in Bb minor, “Another Life,” the closing track from 2014’s Black Messiah, shifts into multi-layered territory at 1:11, sidling up to D major at 1:38 via some slinky compound chords. At 1:52, there’s a rather rash return to Bb minor, but the groove is so profound that you’ll just keep nodding your head. More key changes follow throughout.

Robert Glasper Experiment | No One Like You

“For almost a decade, Robert Glasper has been the standard-bearer for jazz music’s fusion with hip-hop, soul, and rock, turning songs like Nirvana’s ‘Smells Like Teen Spirit’ and Radiohead’s ‘Packt Like Sardines in a Crushd Tin Box’ into kinetic electro-funk mashups,” (Pitchfork). “With his Experiment band, Glasper (tends) to leapfrog different genres, making music that’s rooted in jazz and R&B and impossible to peg. ‘My people have given the world so many styles of music,’ Glasper declares at the top of ArtScience (2016), the Experiment’s new album. ‘So why should I just confine myself to one? We want to explore them all.’

ArtScience follows Black Radio 2, the band’s guest-heavy 2013 LP featuring rappers Common, Snoop Dogg and Lupe Fiasco, and singers Jill Scott and Norah Jones, among many others. On it and the band’s first Black Radio album, the Glasper Experiment mostly stayed in the background, giving room to their guests to shine atop the group’s instrumentals. The formula worked: Black Radio won the 2012 Grammy for Best R&B Album, and ‘Jesus Children’—a Stevie Wonder remake from Black Radio 2, featuring vocalist Lalah Hathaway and actor/poet Malcolm-Jamal Warner—won the 2014 Grammy for Best Traditional R&B Performance.

For ArtScience, the Experiment keeps things in-house, handling all the vocal work themselves … ArtScience doesn’t play like an R&B or jazz record; it pulls in ’80s funk and ’90s soul without landing any place in particular. For the first time, we get to hear the Experiment let go for a full project, not just on a few songs here and there … ArtScience is the Robert Glasper Experiment’s most realized effort, mainly because they’ve stopped relying on outside talent to get their point across. They’ve created their own vibe, one that needed their own voices to truly resonate.”

“No One Like You,” a track from ArtScience, begins in C minor. For its chorus, first heard from 0:36 – 0:53, the tonality shifts to Eb minor before returning to the original key. The two sections continue to alternate throughout the tune.

Lucky Daye | Real Games

Painted by Lucky Daye, a 2019 album release, is ” … a modern twist on traditional soul-funk or ‘Neo-soul.’ (TheModernLifeMag.com). “He grew up in a religious household where secular music was largely prohibited,” (AllMusic). “As a result, he developed his musical abilities by learning melodies through church hymns. After leaving his family’s church as a teenager, he immersed himself in R&B, soul, and funk music, drawing inspiration from artists such as Stevie Wonder, Prince and D’Angelo. Following New Orleans’ devastation by Hurricane Katrina, he relocated to Atlanta, Georgia …

Daye was a 2005 American Idol contestant and “a successful songwriter and background vocalist, with credits as ‘D. Brown’ on tracks by some industry A-listers such as Trey Songz, Ne-Yo, Keith Sweat, Boyz II Men, Mary J. Blige, and many more notable artists.”

The hard-charging funk verses of “Real Games” are built in Bb minor. The choruses, first heard from 0:57 – 1:24, shift to several different Bb major-related modes as they immerse us in a noticeably lighter groove and texture. D’Mile, the track’s co-writer along with Daye, also served as producer for the tune. Daye uses one of his apparently favorite techniques — pitch-shifting his vocal down an octave, sometimes doubled with the original vocal — several times throughout the track.

Free Nationals feat. Syd | Shibuya

“Stepping out of Anderson .Paak’s shadow would be a difficult feat for anyone,” (The Standard). “Thankfully for the Free Nationals — the LA prog-soul quartet who’ve backed the rapper and singer for years — they’re some of the most sublime musicians in the game, with a handy knack for laying down perfect hip-hop, R&B, and funk-inflected jams. Their long-teased self-titled debut features a host of guest stars, including .Paak himself, but sees them approach things at their own speed.”

… “Shibuya” (2019) boasts the talents of The Internet’s Syd on vocals,” (Stereogum). “It’s a smooth, sensual, characteristically groovy ode to staying in bed with your romantic partner on the weekend: “You should stay until Saturday / ‘Cause you ain’t gotta work tomorrow anyway / Do you babe / Sweet Saturdays/ I got you all to myself on Saturdays.”

Starting in B minor, “Shibuya” shifts to an alterating C major/Eb major vamp during the chorus, first heard between 0:41 – 1:02, before returning to the original key for the next verse.

Robert Glasper Experiment | Trust

“On Black Radio 2 (2013), the Robert Glasper Experiment attempts the near impossible: create a sequel that delivers fully on the promise of its groundbreaking, Grammy-winning predecessor,” (Qobuz). “Glasper’s group — bassist Derrick Hodge, Casey Benjamin on vocoder and synth, and drummer Mark Colenburg — again enlists a stellar cast of vocalists.

Instead of relying on covers, this set is almost entirely comprised of originals. There is an organic feel as well: there are no programmed loops on the record; everything was played live … Black Radio 2 is much more subtle than its predecessor. While it’s true that it possesses fewer standout performances, it’s wholly consistent, and on some level, it’s braver for relying on original material to carry it. It requires more listening to appreciate fully. Taken as a whole, however, it serves and fulfills the role of a sequel: the album deepens the band’s music-making aesthetic, and further establishes their sound not only as a signature, but even, perhaps, as its own genre.”

Co-written by Glasper and the track’s vocalist, Marsha Ambrosius, “Trust” starts in Eb minor; the chorus shifts into F dorian at 1:08, cycling through an incongruous but compelling G/A chord at the end of each phrase (first heard at 1:12). The short loop occurs a total of four times before the next verse begins at 1:36, reverting to the original key. The two key areas alternate from there.

Robert Glasper (feat. Ledisi + Gregory Porter) | It Don’t Matter

“Robert Glasper’s 2012 album Black Radio was a groundbreaking collection that combined hip-hop, R&B, jazz and more into a diverse yet cohesive package … (SoulTracks.com). It was justly honored with the Best R&B Album award at the 55th Grammys, recognizing both its ambitiousness and its near flawless execution. It also begat the critically acclaimed Black Radio 2 a year later.”

“Glasper has released two albums of what you might call neo-soul, or maybe organic R&B, featuring a core band (The Robert Glasper Experiment) and guest stars like Erykah Badu, Lupe Fiasco and Norah Jones. Black Radio and last year’s sequel, Black Radio 2, aren’t heard much on ‘urban’ radio, but the point is that they ought to be,” (NPR Music). “Glasper builds his songs with old-school values: singers and MCs who don’t need software to carry a melody, improvising within a band, hand-building beats and vamps with live instruments.”

After a start in Bb major, the bridge of this slow but cutting ballad shifts to Bb minor from 2:50 – 3:24 before reverting to the original key.

Tony Toni Toné | Holy Smokes and Gee Whiz

“As the title of their crown jewel Sons of Soul (1993) boldly declared, Tony! Toni! Toné! were true descendants of soul and funk music’s golden age from the very start,” (Albumism). “Hailing from the undeniably tough and vibrant streets of Oakland, California, the family trio absorbed the social, cultural, and political climate that defined the Bay Area during its most incendiary era. Above all, the Bay Area was one of the powerhouse cornerstones of funk and soul, where several influential luminaries like Sly & the Family Stone, Larry Graham & Graham Central Station, Tower of Power, and Con Funk Shun laid down their gusty, muscular, and righteous grooves all over the music landscape.

They were a band that were truly rooted in the tradition of yesteryear funk and soul bands, devoting themselves to retaining the beauty of live instrumentation, while utilizing hip-hop technology of the time … By the mid-1990s, the Tonies’ signature touch was felt all over the R&B world … Instead of merely wearing their influences on their sleeve, as they’d done on previous offerings, the trio embodied them organically and proudly on House of Music, making it the most classically overt and sophisticated dip in the revisionist waters of Black pop they pioneered for over a decade.” House of Music didn’t quite equal the success of TTT’s previous album, Sons of Soul, reaching #32 on the Billboard album chart and #10 on the Top R&B Albums chart. The release, the band’s fourth, ended up as its last. “Following a nearly ten-year standing as one of R&B’s most creative vanguards, the Tonies officially called it quits a year after the release … it proved to be the summation of everything the Oakland soul brothers ever sought to accomplish musically … They went out on top and didn’t look back.”

Sounding every bit like a lush early-70s soul ballad with the exception of its updated sound engineering, “Holy Smokes and Gee Whiz” seems to owe even its title to the tradition which brought us The Stylistics’ classic “Betcha By Golly Wow” (1970). After a start in Bb minor, the bridge (3:00) builds to an overflowing fountain of layered vocals that would do Earth, Wind + Fire proud, heralding a whole-step key change to C minor (3:33). A faded ending would likely have made it all complete — but 4:29 brings another whole-step modulation to D minor for an instrumental outro, re-stating the hook but forgoing harmonic resolution.

Robert Glasper | Forever

Robert Glasper’s Black Radio III, released in February 2022, features heavy-hitting guest artists on each track, including Common, Esperanza Spalding, Jennifer Hudson, Killer Mike, Q-Tip, Ty Dolla $ign, Yebba, and many more. It’s the third release in the Black Radio franchise; The New Parish describes the concept in its review of Black Radio (2012), which has continued throughout its subsequent chapters:

“’Real music is crash protected,’ state the liner notes of Black Radio … (it) boldly stakes out new musical territory and transcends any notion of genre, drawing from jazz, hip-hop, R&B, and rock, but refusing to be pinned down by any one tag. Like an aircraft’s black box for which the album is titled, Black Radio holds the truth and is indestructible …

Robert Glasper has long kept one foot planted firmly in jazz and the other in hip-hop and R&B,” (working with Q-Tip, Mos Def, Maxwell, and many others). “The Los Angeles Times once wrote that ‘it’s a short list of jazz pianists who have the wherewithal to drop a J Dilla reference into a Thelonious Monk cover, but not many jazz pianists are Robert Glasper,’ adding that ‘he’s equally comfortable in the worlds of hip-hop and jazz,’ and praising the organic way in which he ‘builds a bridge between his two musical touchstones.’”

After starting in F major for the first verse and chorus (PJ Morton, lead vocals), “Forever” shifts up to F# major at for vocalist India Arie’s feature at 1:11. By now showing its colors as an earnest love song, the tune continues with an almost trance-like repeating chorus. Arie and Morton create a subtly shifting tapestry of sound, alternating between tightly coordinated parallel leads and soaring ad libs. By 4:30, the tune has faded out entirely, but then fades back in, its focus completely shifted, in a brief reprise — a Glasper trademark. The reprise explores a few strands of the harmony and textures over a subdued but complex drum solo before fading out again.

for Kym and Marcus

Matt Corby | Knife Edge

“Knife Edge” is featured on Telluric, the 2016 debut album of Australian singer/songwriter Matt Corby. The title, which translates to “of the earth,” informed Corby’s songs. “It’s the concept that runs through the record,” Corby said in an interview. “The idea that through nature and human activity we are all connected.”

Reviewing the album for Paste magazine, critic Saby Reyes-Kulkarni wrote “Corby, Hume and the band (whose contributions here cannot be overstated) have come up with a fresh, resplendent take on soul music. Spiked with muted touches of rock and other intangibles, Telluric establishes Corby as far more than a genre stylist and even stamps him as a visionary to watch right out of the gate.”

The track begins in D minor and shifts downwards to B minor in the third verse at 2:44.

Lucky Daye | How Much Can a Heart Take (feat. Yebba)

Lucky Daye established a solid career as a songwriter before trying his hand as a performer, writing for the likes of Keith Sweat, Mary J. Blige, Boyz II Men, and others. “Neither explicitly retro nor overtly commercial, Lucky Daye is a singer/songwriter with a modern, slightly left-of-center approach to R&B with a foundation in classic soul,” (AllMusic).

From Exclaim.ca‘s review of Daye’s 2021 sophomore album, the duets-only Table for Two: “‘How Much Can a Heart Take,’ which features an assist from Arkansan songstress Yebba, is the EP’s crown jewel. It’s a bitter break-up track that plays like whiskey with a honey chaser. The verses are full of fiery attitude but thanks to Yebba’s spotlight-stealing vocals, the song unfolds into something lush and sweet near the chorus. Though the EP is light on ‘I love yous,’ it’s not nearly as depressing as it sounds. The instrumentals are deceptively warm and soulful throughout and Daye’s honeyed voice betrays the biting, sometimes tortured lyrics. It’s that juxtaposition that makes Table for Two so much fun.”

After a start in C# minor, the wordy but relatively harmonically static verse opens up into a new vista with the chorus, which shifts into a G maj – C maj – A/B progression (G major-ish?) and then back to the original key. The pattern continues from there.

In addition to the live performance video below, don’t miss the original video as well, which features the two vocalists swapping roles while miming each other’s vocals.