“Thong Song” was the second single released from American R&B/pop artist SisQó‘s 1999 debut studio album Unleash The Dragon. The track was nominated for four Grammys, and peaked at #1 on the Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 chart. It was a major success worldwide as well, reaching the top ten throughout European charts, number three in the UK, Netherlands, and Denmark, and #1 in New Zealand.
The key change at 3:16 comes out of nowhere, leading the listener to believe we’ve moved to a distant key, when it is in fact only a half-step away.
Jacob Collier‘s latest single, “All I Need,” dropped last week, and it is a doozy. Featuring Mahalia Music and Ty Dolla $ign, the track trends more toward mainstream pop than most of his other work, while still maintaining the incredible harmonic and rhythmic sophistication that are trademarks of this UK native’s style.
The key changes up a quarter tone at 2:14 before winding its way back down to the original key from 3:15-3:17.
“You Make Me Feel Brand New,” an R&B/Philly Soul ballad released by The Stylistics in 1974, reached the #2 position on the both the US and UK pop charts, but was kept from the #1 position in the US by the omnipresent bubblegum pop tune “Billy, Don’t Be a Hero.” However, the track achieved top 10 positions from Australia to Canada to South Africa.
Written by Thom Bell and Linda Creed, the tune has been covered by Babyface, Simply Red, Boyz 2 Men, Roberta Flack, Ronnie Milsap, and Rod Stewart/Mary J. Blige (as a duo), and more.
The intro starts in A major, transitioning to E major at the verse at 0:32, G major at 1:06, and C major-ish at 1:58 for the chorus. The cycle repeats for the second verse and chorus. Many thanks to Mark Shilansky for this submission!
Stevie Wonder‘s “Don’t You Worry ‘Bout a Thing” was originally released in 1973 on his album Innervisions and exudes a positivity that we could all use a little bit of right now. The performance here features Tori Kelly in a cover included in the 2016 animated feature Sing Movie. Beginning in Eb minor, the tune kicks up one half step at 2:16, and then another at 2:32.
In this time of social distancing (or social solidarity, as a wise neighbor described it) and the resulting popularity spike of a certain video conferencing platform, Aretha Franklin’s smash hit album Who’s Zoomin’ Who? (1985) has been top of mind. The album featured several uptempo hits, including “Freeway of Love” and her iconic duo with Annie Lennox, “Sisters Are Doing It For Themselves.” The album became the best-selling non-compilation release of Aretha’s career, often compared to Tina Turner’s blockbuster 1984 album Private Dancer.
From Rolling Stone’s review: “Though Who’s Zoomin’ Who? never quite comes together as an album…this is some of Aretha Franklin’s best work since the 1960s…The example of Tina Turner acted as goad and inspiration, and the edge of rich brashness in Aretha’s performances seems sparked by Turner’s electric drive … enough vocal brilliance here to stun any listener within range.”
After a bridge starting at 2:45, the title track modulates up a full step at 2:59 — oddly, just as the wall-of-sound accompaniment dies down. But the lull in the action sets the stage for Aretha’s vocal fireworks to return at 3:20.
AllMusic.com describes the sound of the remarkable R&B/Soul/Pop vocal quartet Boys II Men: “aching, tremulous harmonies (which) lifted some of the biggest pop hits of the 1990s…According to no less an authority than the RIAA, B2M are the most commercially successful R&B group of all time. They sold ludicrous numbers of records and were involved in three of the longest-running number one pop singles in history, and they did it as a unit of equals.”
“Pass You By” (2000) wasn’t one of those many runaway hits (it reached only #27 on the R&B/Hiphop chart, although it did better in Europe and Australia). The tune nonetheless scored a Grammy nomination for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group. The lush arrangement and raw emotion of the vocals suggests something a little weightier than the average breakup song; the video goes even further in suggesting the onward-and-upward route.
Starting in B minor, the tune builds in intensity through a few verses and choruses. At 2:27, a short bridge arrives, giving way to another chorus at 2:38, ascending upward a full step into C# minor.
AllMusic.com describes Free Nationals as “a smooth, funk-fluent R&B band” which has “recorded and performed extensively with Grammy-winning artist Anderson .Paak…The quartet became integral to (.Paak’s) progression on Malibu, a 2017 breakthrough nominated for a Grammy in the category of Best Urban Contemporary Album.” In 2019, their debut self-titled album reached #3 on Billboard‘s Heatseekers chart. NME.com reports that the band “proudly wear(s) their influences on their sleeve – the band are long-term scholars of Stevie Wonder, Parliament-Funkadelic, Herbie Hancock and many more.”
Starting in B minor, “Apartment” features a syncopated intro which shifts into a settled C# minor groove at the first verse (0:28), then back to B minor at the chorus (0:52). The intro’s syncopated kicks and compound chords return to bracket verse 2/chorus 2 (1:39 and 2:56), leaving us hanging with an unexpected ending where the third verse should have been.
Stevie Wonder‘s “Golden Lady” was featured on his 1973 album Innervisions. Influenced by the Cuban montuno style, the track is quintessential Wonder, with a syncopated melody and unexpected half-step harmonic resolutions. The verses are in Eb major, contrasted with the chorus in G minor. At 3:30, the chorus is repeated and raised a half step each time.
Saxophonist Ronnie Laws, the younger brother of flutist Hubert Laws, started his career in the band of trumpeter Hugh Masekela. In 1972, Laws joined R+B/funk legends Earth, Wind + Fire and played on their album Last Days and Time before moving on to his solo career.
During 1975, Laws teamed up with jazz trumpeter Donald Byrd, known as one of the only jazz musicians from the Bebop era who also explored funk and soul while remaining primarily in the jazz genre. According to AllAboutJazz.com, with Byrd’s assistance, Laws “soon signed his first recording contract with Blue Note records, resulting in the impressive debut album Pressure Sensitive (1975)…The release rapidly emerged to become the longest-selling album,” to date, in the 42-year history of the storied record label, reaching #25 on the Billboard Soul chart and gaining extraordinarily broad rotation across R&B, Soul, Jazz, and Rock radio stations.
The track is built around slightly off-kilter tuning, but it’s closest to F# minor. What’s definitely clear is the bridge’s departure from the regular key, as well as from the otherwise all-pervasive groove, from 3:01 – 3:28.
“This 1969 tune is a classic. There’s only one big mod (at 3:15), but the bridge that builds to it begins at 2:40, generating a huge amount of tension. When the mod finally comes, it’s as cathartic as a dam bursting. A great example of how an artful mod can infuse an otherwise-sleepy melody with a lot of dramatic tension.”
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