Balcony Scene (from “West Side Story”)

This gorgeous rendition of the iconic balcony scene from Leonard Bernstein‘s West Side Story is accompanied by full symphony orchestra. Modulation at 3:33, plus many other key changes and key-of-the-moment passages. A review from its 1957 Broadway debut: “It takes up the American musical idiom where it was left when George Gershwin died. It is fascinatingly tricky and melodically beguiling, and it marks the progression of an admirable composer.”

Fly, Fly Away (from “Catch Me If You Can”)

Here’s Kerry Butler singing “Fly, Fly Away” from Catch Me If You Can The Musical (1998). Modulation comes at 3:12. It sounds like there’s another one at 3:26, but it is actually just coming to settle firmly in G Major after wandering to some distant tonal areas in the prior 24 seconds.

Pat Metheny | A Map of the World

Like much of his work, guitarist / composer Pat Metheny‘s 1999 soundtrack release for the film Map of the World features quickly shifting, sometimes nearly constant key-of-the-moment passages. The track features two main sections, each played twice. Section 1 (0:00 and 2:30) pivots between G major and E minor (among others), while section 2 (1:13 and 3:41) is loosely built around A major. At 5:12, there’s a brief return to section 1’s tonality for the outro.